Short answer: birdshot is for birds, clay targets and small game, buckshot uses larger pellets for bigger game and defense, and a slug is one large projectile. Match the load to the job and your gun.
Birdshot
Many small pellets. Higher shot numbers mean smaller pellets. Used for clays and bird hunting.
Buckshot
Larger pellets, like 00 buck, in one shell. Patterns spread with distance.
Slugs
A single heavy projectile for longer shots. Some barrels and chokes work better than others, so check your barrel type.
Shell length
12 gauge comes in 2 3/4 inch and 3 inch shells. Check your chamber marking before you buy.
Read our 12 gauge ammo guide for details.
Match the load to the job
- Birdshot: many small pellets. Use for clay targets, birds and small game. Shot size numbers run opposite to size, so a larger number means smaller pellets.
- Buckshot: fewer, larger pellets such as 00. Use where a bigger pattern is needed, such as for deer-size game where allowed, or for home use with a tested pattern.
- Slugs: one large projectile for accuracy at longer range.
Check your gun
Confirm the shell length your shotgun is chambered for, such as 2 3/4 or 3 inch, and use only shells your gun is rated for. Choke and barrel type matter too: slugs need the right barrel and choke, so check the maker’s guidance.
Pattern your shotgun
Shoot at paper at the distance you plan to use. The pattern tells you how well a load and a choke work together better than any chart. See our magazines and shotgun accessories for more.
Keep building
Browse AR-15 parts, read the custom AR-15 build guide, or let our Palmetto, FL shop help with gunsmithing and custom AR builds.